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Pteridium aquilinum

RHS Plant Profile
bracken

Other common names

adder's spit, brake fern, eagle brake, eagle fern, fern of God, hog brake, pasture brake

Herbaceous Perennial

Britain's largest and most widespread native fern, with huge, finely divided leaves 1-2m tall and 1m across. Spreading by rhizomes, with roots up to a metre deep, it forms dense thickets, smothering most other vegetation, and can also spread by spores. Young shoots emerge curled at the tip and are known as croziers or fiddleheads, and in autumn the deciduous fronds turn a rich russet-brown

Position

Full sun, Partial shade

Soil Types

Clay, Loam, Sand

Max Height

1-1.5 metres

Max Spread

wider than 8 metres

Size

Time to Maturity
5–10 years
Max Spread
wider than 8 metres
Max Height
1-1.5 metres

Growing Conditions

Clay Loam Sand
Moisture
Moist but well–drained or Well–drained
pH
Acid or Neutral

Position

Full sun Partial shade
Aspect
East–facing or North–facing or South–facing or West–facing
Exposure
Exposed or Sheltered
Hardiness
H5

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Dennstaedtiaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
Yes
Foliage
Deciduous
Habit
Bushy
Genus
Name Status
Correct
Plant Range
pan-global

How to Grow

Cultivation

Occurs naturally in woodland, heathland, moorland and some grasslands, and may spread into gardens bordering open country. It provides valuable cover for wildlife and is the food plant of a number of moth caterpillars, but is poisonous to livestock and likely to be too dominant for most gardens. See bracken for more information

Propagation

Propagate by division

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Wildlife gardens

Pruning

No pruning required, though dead fronds can be cut back and composted or used as mulch

Pests

Generally pest- free

Diseases

Generally disease-free