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Arching leaves, produced in clumps, can be pale to dark green, bluish-grey, bright yellowish-green or bronze-purple. They can also be edged and striped with white or cream. The often brown, inconspicuous flowers appear in summer-autumn.

Most carex prefer reliably moist soil in sun or light shade. A few like wet soil, with others preferring acid soil. Bronze-leaved varieties produce their best leaf colour when grown in sun.

Most sedges will not do well in dry soils or in deep shade.

What distinguishes a sedge from a grass is the flowering stems, which are triangular in cross section and solid, rather than round and hollow.